:root {
  /* Deep blue-gray (not ultra-dark) with softer blue accents */
  --bg: #0e1626;
  --surface: #14223a;
  --surface-2: #182b49;
  --text: #eef4ff;
  --muted: #b9c6de;
  --brand: #7ea7f0; /* primary accent (blue) */
  --brand-strong: #9cc2ff;
  --accent: #63c7b2; /* secondary accent (muted teal) */
  --border: rgba(43, 223, 232, 0.231);
  --shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  --shadow-soft: 0 16px 44px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  height: 100%;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, sans-serif;
  color: var(--text);
  background-color: var(--bg);
  /* Site-wide gradient backdrop (darker mid regions for readability) */
  background-image: linear-gradient(
      180deg,
      rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.78),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.16) 42%,
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.58)
    ),
    radial-gradient(
      1200px 700px at 70% 12%,
      rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.12),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0) 64%
    ),
    radial-gradient(
      900px 600px at 15% 85%,
      rgba(126, 167, 240, 0.08),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0) 64%
    ),
    radial-gradient(
      1400px 900px at 50% 40%,
      rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.35),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0) 70%
    );
  background-size: auto, auto, auto, auto;
  background-position: 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  line-height: 1.6;
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

/* Bring homepage-like texture to inner pages, without overpowering content */
body.page-inner {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
}

body.page-inner::before {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
      180deg,
      rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.62),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.14) 45%,
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.55)
    ),
    url("/assets/hero-bg.svg");
  background-size: auto, cover;
  background-position: 0 0, center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  opacity: 0.22;
}

main#home {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  font-family: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, serif;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
}

/* Tighten spacing in the homepage hero text */
.hero h1 {
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

.hero .bio-intro {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.hero .lead {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.8vw, 3.2rem);
}

h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.7vw, 2.2rem);
}

a {
  color: var(--brand);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.container {
  width: min(1100px, 92%);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.narrow {
  width: min(760px, 100%);
}

/* Homepage: reduce left/right margins (wider content) */
body.page-home main#home .container {
  width: min(1150px, 96%);
}

body.page-home main#home .container.narrow {
  width: min(900px, 96%);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .hero-copy {
    animation: heroIn 520ms var(--ease-out) both;
  }
}

@keyframes heroIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(10px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.section {
  padding: 1.5rem 0 2.5rem;
}

.section-alt {
  background: transparent;
}

/* Inner-page content panel (replaces the full-width band look) */
.section-alt .container {
  background: rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.58);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 1.1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  padding: 1.25rem;
}

.hero {
  position: relative;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
      180deg,
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.62),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.92)
    ),
    url("/assets/hero-bg.svg");
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.hero::before {
  /* extra readability layer so text stays crisp on all displays */
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(
    1200px 600px at 20% 20%,
    rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.16),
    rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.06),
    rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.52),
    rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.86)
  );
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero > .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero-copy {
  max-width: 600px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.62),
    rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.38)
  );
  border: 1px solid rgba(233, 238, 248, 0.12);
  border-radius: 1.2rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.hero-copy > * + * {
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 10;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  /* Match the site-wide body gradient so the header looks consistent
     even when it sits over the homepage hero background. */
  background-color: rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.74);
  background-image: linear-gradient(
      180deg,
      rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.78),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.16) 42%,
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.58)
    ),
    radial-gradient(
      1200px 700px at 70% 12%,
      rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.10),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0) 64%
    ),
    radial-gradient(
      900px 600px at 15% 85%,
      rgba(126, 167, 240, 0.08),
      rgba(14, 22, 38, 0) 64%
    );
  background-size: auto, auto, auto;
  background-position: 0 0, 0 0, 0 0;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
  overflow: visible;
}

.site-header.site-header--scrolled {
  background-color: rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.88);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 44px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
}

.site-header::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -20%;
  right: -20%;
  top: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    rgba(126, 167, 240, 0),
    rgba(43, 223, 232, 0.55),
    rgba(156, 191, 255, 0)
  );
  opacity: 0.65;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.site-header::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -20%;
  right: -20%;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    rgba(126, 167, 240, 0),
    rgba(43, 223, 232, 0.55),
    rgba(156, 191, 255, 0)
  );
  opacity: 0.45;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 70px;
  padding: 0.35rem 0;
}

.brand {
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.brand:hover {
  text-decoration: none; /* prevent global underline */
  color: var(--brand-strong);
}

.brand:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.nav-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.nav-list a {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 0.7rem;
  position: relative;
  transition: background 220ms var(--ease-out), color 220ms var(--ease-out),
    transform 220ms var(--ease-out);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.nav-list a:hover {
  text-decoration: none; /* override global underline */
  background: rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.10);
  color: var(--brand-strong);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.nav-list a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.65rem;
  right: 0.65rem;
  bottom: 0.3rem;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    rgba(99, 199, 178, 0),
    rgba(43, 223, 232, 0.701),
    rgba(99, 199, 178, 0)
  );
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: center;
  transition: transform 240ms var(--ease-out);
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.nav-list a:hover::after,
.nav-list a[aria-current="page"]::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.nav-list a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--text);
  background: rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.45);
}

.nav-list a:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.8rem;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.25fr 0.9fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.eyebrow {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.7);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0;              /* avoids default p margins */
  max-width: 54ch;       /* forces nicer wrapping; keeps all text */
  white-space: normal;   /* make wrapping explicit */
  line-height: 1.35;    /* improves readability when it becomes 2 lines */
}

.bio-intro {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.lead {
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 65ch;
}

.hero-card img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.hero-card {
  position: relative;
  transform: translateY(28px);
}

.hero-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.38),
    rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.08) 55%,
    rgba(14, 22, 38, 0.44)
  );
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}

.hero-card img {
  filter: saturate(0.92) brightness(0.92);
}

.hero-actions {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn {
  padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: transform 220ms var(--ease-out), filter 220ms var(--ease-out),
    box-shadow 220ms var(--ease-out), background 220ms var(--ease-out),
    border-color 220ms var(--ease-out), color 220ms var(--ease-out);
  will-change: transform;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.btn__icon {
  width: 1.05rem;
  height: 1.05rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0.92;
}

.btn__icon svg {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    rgba(126, 167, 240, 1),
    rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.78)
  );
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(126, 167, 240, 0.18),
    0 10px 22px rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.12);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  filter: brightness(1.06);
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-1px) scale(1.03);
}

.btn-primary:active {
  transform: translateY(0) scale(0.97);
}

.btn-secondary {
  border-color: var(--border);
  background: rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.55);
  color: rgba(238, 244, 255, 0.92);
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
  border-color: rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.28);
  transform: translateY(-1px) scale(1.02);
  filter: brightness(1.04);
}

.btn-secondary:active {
  transform: translateY(0) scale(0.97);
}

.btn-tertiary {
  border-color: rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.22);
  background: transparent;
  color: rgba(185, 198, 222, 0.98);
}

.btn-tertiary:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
  border-color: rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.34);
  background: rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.35);
  transform: translateY(-1px) scale(1.02);
}

.btn-tertiary:active {
  transform: translateY(0) scale(0.97);
}

.btn:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.section-heading {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: end;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

select {
  margin-left: 0.6rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.6rem;
  background: rgba(24, 43, 73, 0.7);
  color: var(--text);
}

.cards {
  margin-top: 1.4rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.cards-2 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.cards-3 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14);
  transition: transform 240ms var(--ease-out), box-shadow 240ms var(--ease-out),
    border-color 240ms var(--ease-out);
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 52px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
  border-color: rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.22);
}

.card:focus-within {
  border-color: rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.28);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 52px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
}

.card h3 a,
.card h2 a,
.card h1 a {
  color: var(--text);
}

.card h3 a:hover,
.card h2 a:hover,
.card h1 a:hover {
  color: var(--brand-strong);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.card p {
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.pub-card .pub-abstract {
  /* Gap between abstract snippet and the "Abstract & details" row */
  margin: 1.05rem 0 1.05rem;
  padding-top: 0;
  border-top: 0;
}

.pub-card .pub-links {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.pub-card .pub-links a {
  color: var(--brand);
}

.pub-card .pub-links a:hover {
  color: var(--brand-strong);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Publication card titles back to default (white) */
.pub-card h3 a {
  color: var(--text);
}

.pub-card h3 a:hover {
  color: var(--brand-strong);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.conf-venue {
  color: rgba(185, 198, 222, 0.95);
}

.conf-status {
  margin-right: 0.35rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.28);
  background: rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.12);
  color: rgba(156, 191, 255, 0.92);
}

.exp-company {
  color: rgba(238, 244, 255, 0.92);
  font-weight: 650;
}

.exp-location {
  color: rgba(185, 198, 222, 0.95);
}

.conf-card--upcoming {
  border-color: rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.28);
}

.conf-card--upcoming:hover {
  border-color: rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.4);
}

.empty-state {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  color: rgba(185, 198, 222, 0.92);
  background: rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.35);
  border: 1px dashed rgba(233, 238, 248, 0.14);
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
}

.contact-links {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.55rem;
}

.contact-links a {
  color: rgba(238, 244, 255, 0.92);
  background: rgba(20, 34, 58, 0.45);
  border: 1px solid rgba(233, 238, 248, 0.12);
  padding: 0.42rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 220ms var(--ease-out), filter 220ms var(--ease-out),
    border-color 220ms var(--ease-out), background 220ms var(--ease-out);
}

.contact-links a:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  filter: brightness(1.06);
  border-color: rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.28);
}

.contact-links a:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.contact-form-card {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.contact-form {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.contact-form__field label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  color: rgba(185, 198, 222, 0.95);
  font-weight: 650;
}

.contact-form__field input,
.contact-form__field textarea {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 0.65rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.8rem;
  background: rgba(24, 43, 73, 0.7);
  color: var(--text);
  outline: none;
}

.contact-form__field input:focus-visible,
.contact-form__field textarea:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(99, 199, 178, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.contact-form__bot {
  display: none;
}

.contact-form__actions {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.page-title {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0;
  align-items: center;
}

.page-avatar {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.08);
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.page-title-avatar {
  margin-right: 1.25rem;
}

/* Page section titles (Research/Publications list): icon on the left */
.section-title-wrap {
  position: relative;
}

.section-title-icon {
  position: absolute;
  left: -140px;
  top: 0.15rem;
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  border-radius: 0.9rem; /* more square-ish */
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  object-fit: cover;
  filter: saturate(0.92) brightness(0.92);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
}

.page-title__h1 {
  margin: 0;
}

.page-title__subtitle {
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 65ch;
}

.pub-authors strong {
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--text);
}

.publication-detail p {
  margin: 0;
}

.publication-detail .pub-authors {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.publication-detail .pub-open {
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}

.publication-detail__abstract p {
  margin: 0;
}

.publication-detail {
  padding-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.publication-detail__abstract {
  padding-top: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 2.25rem;
}

.publication-detail__abstract h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.publication-abstract {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.pub-meta {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.8rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--brand-strong);
  background: rgba(127, 166, 230, 0.16);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
}

.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 1rem 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-top: auto; /* push footer to bottom in short pages */
  text-align: center;
}

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .hero-grid,
  .cards-2,
  .cards-3 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .menu-toggle {
    display: block;
  }

  .nav-list {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 70px;
    right: 4%;
    width: min(280px, 92%);
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 0.8rem;
    padding: 0.8rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .nav-list.open {
    display: flex;
  }
}